Simplifying UPSC Civil Services 2026| यूपीएससी सिविल सेवा अभिक्षमता परीक्षा (प्रारंभिक) परीक्षा

Syllabus of the Civil Services Main Examination  The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory. The scope of the syllabus for the optional subject papers for the examination is broadly of the honours degree level i.e. a level higher than the bachelors degree and lower than the masters degree. In the case of Engineering and law, the level corresponds to the bachelor's degree. COMPULSORY SUBJECTS ENGLISH AND INDIAN LANGUAGUES The aim of the paper is to test the candidate's ability to read and understand serious discursive prose, and to express his ideas clearly and correctly in English/Indian language concerned. The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows :- (i) Comprehension of given passages. (ii) Precis Writing (iii) Usage and Vocabulary (iv) Short Essay INDIAN LANGUAGES (i) Comprehension of given passages. (ii) Precis Writing (iii) Usage...

PAPER-I  There will be three questions as indicated in the question paper which must be answered in Sanskrit.  The remaining questions must be answered either in Sanskrit or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate.  Section-A  1. Significant features of the grammar, with particular stress on Sanjna, Sandhi, Karaka, Samasa, Kartari and Karmani vacyas (voice usages) (to be answered in Sanskrit).  2.  (a) Main characteristics of Vedic Sanskrit language.  (b) Prominent features of classical Sanskrit language.  (c) Contribution of Sanskrit to linguistic studies.  3. General Knowledge of:-  (a) Literary history of Sanskit, (b) Principal trends of literary criticism  (c) Ramayana,  (d) Mahabharata  (e) The origin and development of literary geners of: Mahakavya Rupaka (drama) Katha Akhyayika Campu Khandakavya Muktaka Kavya.  Section-B  4. Essentials of Indian Culture w...

Pali subject has two papers, one covering the language (i.e. Grammar, writing skills etc.) and the other covering literature. Beauty of the subject is that it has got very limited syllabus , so you can prepare well within the defined limits; you can concentrate more on effectiveness of your answers rather than striving for somehow finishing the syllabus, as may be the case with many other literature subjects.  PAPER-I (Pãli Language)  (N.B. All answers must be written in Pali language in Devanãgarî or Roman Script)  Section-A  1. Origin and Homeland of Pãli and its characteristics.  2. Pãli Grammar- (I) Technical Terms of Pãli Grammar-Akkhara, Sara, Vyañjana, Niggahîta, Nãma, Sabbanãma, Ãkhyãta, Upasagga, Nipãta, Abyaya,  (II) Kãraka,  (III) Samãsa;  (IV) Sandhi;  (V) Taddhita. (Apaccabodhaka-and Ãdhikãrabodhaka- Paccaya);  (VI) Etymological derivation of the following words :- Buddho, Bhikkhu, Sãmanero, Sa...

SOCIOLOGY PAPER - I  FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY  1. Sociology - The Discipline:  (a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of sociology.  (b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.  (c) Sociology and common sense.  2. Sociology as Science:  (a) Science, scientific method and critique.  (b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology.  (c) Positivism and its critique.  (d) Fact value and objectivity.  (e) Non- positivist methodologies.  3. Research Methods and Analysis:  (a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.  (b) Techniques of data collection.  (c) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.  4. Sociological Thinkers:  (a) Karl Marx- Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.  (b) Emile Durkheim- Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.  ...

PAPER – I  Administrative Theory  1. Introduction:  Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration; Wilson’s vision of Public Administration; Evolution of the discipline and its present status; New Public Administration; Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and application; New Public Management. 2. Administrative Thought:  Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic model – its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett); Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I. Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor).  3. Administrative Behaviour:  Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories – content, process and contemporary; Theories of L...

PAPER - I  Political Theory and Indian Politics:  1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.  2. Theories of the State: Liberal, Neoliberal, Marxist, Pluralist, Post-colonial and feminist.  3. Justice: Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian critiques.  4. Equality: Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action.  5. Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; concept of Human Rights.  6. Democracy: Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy – representative, participatory and deliberative.  7. Concept of power, hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.  8. Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism.  9. Indian Political Thought : Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambed...

Anthropology Paper I 1.1 Meaning, scope and development of Anthropology. 1.2 Relationships with other disciplines: Social Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities. 1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance: (a) Social- cultural Anthropology. (b) Biological Anthropology. (c) Archaeological Anthropology. (d) Linguistic Anthropology. 1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man: (a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution. (b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre- Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-Darwinian). (c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution). 1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; Living...

Geography Paper I  Principles of Geography Physical Geography: 1. Geomorphology: Factors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building; Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development ; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development ; Applied Geomorphology : Geohydrology, economic geology and environment. 2. Climatology: Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto genesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha...

List of Optional Subjects for the UPSC Civil Services(Main): Agriculture Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science Anthropology - Find Syllabus Here Botany Chemistry Civil Engineering Commerce and Accountancy Economics Electrical Engineering Geography  Geology History Law Management Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medical Science Philosophy Physics Political Science and International Relations  Relations Psychology Public Administration  Sociology Statistics Zoology Literature of one of the following languages: Arabic, Assamese, Bodo, Bengali, Chinese, Dogri, English, French, German, Gujarati, Hindi  Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Pali Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit  Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu. ================== Notes: Candidates will not be allowed to offer the following combinations of subjects:– Political Science & International Relations and Public...